Acts 24:1-9

Context

The Accusations Against Paul

24:1 After five days the high priest Ananias¹ came down with some elders and an attorney² named³ Tertullus, and they⁴ brought formal charges⁵ against Paul to the governor. 24:2 When Paul⁶ had been summoned, Tertullus began to accuse him,⁷ saying, “We have experienced a lengthy time⁸ of peace through your rule,⁹ and reforms¹⁰ are being made in this nation¹¹ through your foresight.¹² 24:3 Most excellent Felix,¹³ we acknowledge this everywhere and in every way¹⁴ with all gratitude.¹⁵ 24:4 But so that I may not delay¹⁶ you any further, I beg¹⁷ you to hear us briefly¹⁸ with your customary graciousness.¹⁹ 24:5 For we have found²⁰ this man to be a troublemaker,²¹ one who stirs up riots²² among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader²³ of the sect of the Nazarenes.²⁴ 24:6 He²⁵ even tried to desecrate²⁶ the temple, so we arrested²⁷ him. 24:7 [[EMPTY]]²⁸ 24:8 When you examine²⁹ him yourself, you will be able to learn from him³⁰ about all these things we are accusing him of doing.”³¹ 24:9 The Jews also joined in the verbal attack,³² claiming³³ that these things were true.

[24:1] ¹sn Ananias was in office from a.d. 47-59.

[24:1] ²tn The term refers to a professional advocate (BDAG 905 s.v. ῥήτωρ).

[24:1] ³tn Grk “an attorney, a certain Tertullus.”

[24:1] ⁴tn Grk “who” (plural). Because in English the relative pronoun “who” could be understood to refer only to the attorney Tertullus and not to the entire group, it has been replaced with the third person plural pronoun “they.” “And” has been supplied to provide the connection to the preceding clause.

[24:1] ⁵tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone…Ac 24:1; 25:2.”

[24:2] ⁶tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[24:2] ⁷tn Or “began to bring charges, saying.”

[24:2] ⁸tn Grk “experienced much peace.”

[24:2] ⁹tn Grk “through you” (“rule” is implied).

[24:2] ¹⁰tn This term is used only once in the NT (a hapax legomenon). It refers to improvements in internal administration (BDAG 251 s.v. διόρθωμα).

[24:2] ¹¹tn Or “being made for this people.”

[24:2] ¹²sn References to peaceful rule, reforms, and the governor’s foresight in the opening address by Tertullus represent an attempt to praise the governor and thus make him favorable to the case. Actual descriptions of his rule portray him as inept (Tacitus, Annals 12.54; Josephus, J. W. 2.13.2-7 [2.253-270]).

[24:3] ¹³sn Most excellent Felix. See the note on Felix in 23:24.

[24:3] ¹⁴tn Grk “in every way and everywhere.”

[24:3] ¹⁵tn Or “with complete thankfulness.” BDAG 416 s.v. εὐχαριστία 1 has “μετὰ πάσης εὐ.…with all gratitude Ac 24:3.” L&N 31.26 has “‘we acknowledge this anywhere and everywhere with complete thankfulness’ Ac 24:3.”

[24:4] ¹⁶tn Or “may not weary.” BDAG 274 s.v. ἐγκόπτω states, “ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖόν σε ἐγκόπτω Ac 24:4 is understood by Syr. and Armen. versions to mean in order not to weary you any further; cp. ἔγκοπος weary Diog. L. 4, 50; LXX; and ἔγκοπον ποιεῖν to weary Job 19:2; Is 43:23. But impose on is also prob.; detain NRSV.”

[24:4] ¹⁷tn Or “request.”

[24:4] ¹⁸tn This term is another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 976 s.v. συντόμως 2). Tertullus was asking for a brief hearing, and implying to the governor that he would speak briefly and to the point.

[24:4] ¹⁹tn BDAG 371 s.v. ἐπιείκεια has “τῇ σῇ ἐ. with your (customary) indulgence Ac 24:4.”

[24:5] ²⁰tn Grk “For having found.” The participle εὑρόντες (Jeurontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[24:5] ²¹tn L&N 22.6 has “(a figurative extension of meaning of λοιμός ‘plague,’ 23.158) one who causes all sorts of trouble – ‘troublemaker, pest.’ … ‘for we have found this man to be a troublemaker” Ac 24:5.”

[24:5] ²²tn Or “dissensions.” While BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 3 translates this phrase “κινεῖν στάσεις (v.l. στάσιν) τισί create dissension among certain people Ac 24:5,” it is better on the basis of the actual results of Paul’s ministry to categorize this usage under section 2, “uprising, riot, revolt, rebellion” (cf. the use in Acts 19:40).

[24:5] ²³tn This term is yet another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 894 s.v. πρωτοστάτης).

[24:5] ²⁴sn The sect of the Nazarenes is a designation for followers of Jesus the Nazarene, that is, Christians.

[24:6] ²⁵tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“who”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“he”) and a new sentence begun here in the translation.

[24:6] ²⁶tn Or “profane” (BDAG 173 s.v. βεβηλόω). The term was also used of profaning the Sabbath.

[24:6] ²⁷tn Or “seized.” Grk “whom also we arrested.” Because of the awkwardness of a relative clause in English at this point, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the pronoun “him” as object of the verb.

[24:7] ²⁸tc Some later mss include some material at the end of v. 6, all of 24:7, and some material at the beginning of v. 8: “and we wanted to judge him according to our law. 24:7 But Lysias the commanding officer came and took him out of our hands with a great deal of violence, 24:8 ordering those who accused him to come before you.” Acts 24:6b, 7, and 8a are lacking in Ì⁷⁴ א A B H L P 049 81 1175 1241 pm and a few versional witnesses. They are included (with a few minor variations) in E Ψ 33 323 614 945 1505 1739 pm and a few versional witnesses. This verse (and parts of verses) is most likely not a part of the original text of Acts, for not only is it lacking from the better witnesses, there is no easy explanation as to how such could be missing from them. The present translation follows NA²⁷ in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.

[24:8] ²⁹tn Or “question.”

[24:8] ³⁰tn Grk “From whom when you examine him yourself, you will be able to learn…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence begun at the beginning of v. 8 in the translation.

[24:8] ³¹tn Grk “about all these things of which we are accusing him.” This has been simplified to eliminate the relative pronoun (“of which”) in the translation.

[24:9] ³²tn Grk “joined in the attack,” but the adjective “verbal” has been supplied to clarify that this was not another physical assault on Paul. The verb is another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 969 s.v. συνεπιτίθημι).

[24:9] ³³tn Or “asserting” (BDAG 1050 s.v. φάσκω).